RIAI Research Award Winner
Research Paper — 2025

Bridging the
Domain Gap
in Historic Building Data

A computational analysis of Ireland’s national building stock at the intersection of energy performance and architectural heritage.

DH
David Hughes
Architect FRIAI, RIBA — President, ICOMOS Ireland NSCES+CC — Chair, UIC WG1 Station Managers Global Group — Co-author, ICOMOS ISCES Publication 2026
RIAI AWARDS 2026 — RESEARCH CATEGORY WINNER
“The Jury recognised two Research projects with Awards to Computational Conservation: ‘Bridging the Domain Gap in Historic Building Data’, by David Hughes FRIAI.”
View RIAI press release →
70–80%
of pre-1930 G-rated housing
are recognised heritage assets — proving the G-rated energy crisis is fundamentally a heritage problem.
1 in 4
commercial buildings
have architectural heritage significance — the EPBD will be felt most acutely in the non-residential sector.
the carbon impact
Upgrading 120,000 G-rated structures to B3 matches upgrading 500,000+ buildings in the C1–D2 cohort.
Executive Summary

This paper cross-references two large-scale government datasets — the SEAI Building Energy Rating database (1 million+ records, 211 columns) and the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (55,000 expert-catalogued records) — to produce a corrected model of Ireland’s historic building stock and its energy performance.

A critical statistical anomaly was identified in the BER data: a massive artificial spike of properties defaulted to a construction year of 1900, caused by surveyors lacking the expertise to date historic structures. Using the NIAH’s faithful decade-by-decade distribution, this spike was redistributed to produce a ‘healed model’ — revealing that protected heritage properties represent the overwhelming majority of the worst-performing G-rated housing stock nationally.

The paper argues that the recast EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive cannot be implemented effectively without conservation-led strategies, and proposes a pro-rata grant model scaled to actual energy savings rather than the current flat-rate SEAI grant — providing the financial bridge that heritage retrofits require.

Presented nationally (May 2024) and internationally (Estonia, December 2025). Research contributed Irish data to the ICOMOS ISCES sub-committee on the EPBD recast, published January 2026.

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Also in this paper

The Jupyter Notebook is the modern architect’s Daler Pad — could you be using it?

This paper is also intended as a showcase and demonstration of the technologies involved — Python, the Pandas library, and Jupyter Notebooks. Just as architects have always used a black notebook to record observations, sketches and calculations, the Jupyter environment is a digital equivalent where notes, text, code and visualisations coexist. The difference is the scale of interrogation it makes possible.

If you’re an architect who saw something in this paper that made you think “I could do this for my own practice or research” — register your interest below. If there is sufficient demand, a structured introduction to these tools, designed specifically for architects, will follow.

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Thank you — interest noted.
If enough architects express interest, you’ll hear from david@architecturalintelligence.ie with details of dates and format. In the meantime, the Jupyter website is a good place to start exploring.